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ADHD Medication During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Women with ADHD must make a difficult decision on whether to keep or stop taking ADHD medication during pregnancy and breast-feeding. There aren't enough data on how long-term exposure may affect a fetus.
A recent study published in Molecular Psychiatry demonstrates that children exposed to ADHD medication during pregnancy do not develop neurological disorders such as impaired hearing or vision, febrile seizures, or IQ impairment. The authors acknowledge that more high quality studies are required.
Risk/Benefit Analysis
Women who are pregnant and taking ADHD medications need to balance the benefits of taking them against the potential risks to the foetus. Physicians do not have the necessary data to provide clear recommendations however they can provide information regarding benefits and risks that can help pregnant women make informed decisions.
A study published in Molecular Psychiatry found that women who used ADHD medications during early pregnancy did not have an higher risk of fetal cardiac malformations or major birth defects that are structural. Researchers used a vast, population-based case-control study to evaluate the incidence of major structural birth defects in infants born to mothers who had taken stimulants in the early stages of pregnancy and those who had not. Pediatric cardiologists and clinical geneticists looked over the cases to ensure correct case classification and to minimize the chance of bias.
However, the researchers' study had its limitations. The researchers were not able to, in the first place to distinguish the effects triggered by the medication from the disorder. This limitation makes it difficult to determine whether the limited associations observed in the groups that were exposed result from medication use or comorbidities that cause confusion. The researchers did not study long-term outcomes for offspring.
The study revealed that infants whose mothers took ADHD medication during pregnancy had a higher risk of admission to the neonatal care unit (NICU), compared to those whose mothers didn't take any medication during pregnancy or discontinued taking their medication prior to or during pregnancy. The reason for this was central nervous system-related disorders, and the increased risk of admission did not appear to be influenced by which stimulant medications were used during pregnancy.
Women who used stimulant liquid adhd medication uk medication during pregnancy were also at an increased risk of having a caesarean birth or having a baby with low Apgar score (less than 7). These risks did not seem to be influenced by the type of medication that was used during pregnancy.
Researchers suggest that the small risks posed by the use of ADHD medications in early pregnancies may be offset by the more beneficial outcomes for both baby and mother of continued treatment for the woman's condition. Physicians should talk to their patients about this and, if possible, help them develop coping skills that could reduce the effects of her disorder on her daily life and relationships.
Interactions with Medication
More and more doctors are confronted with the dilemma of whether to continue treatment or stop as more women are diagnosed with ADHD. These decisions are frequently made without clear and authoritative evidence. Instead, doctors have to take into account their own experience, the experience of other doctors, and the research on the topic.
The issue of potential risks to infants is extremely difficult. Many studies on this issue are based on observations rather than controlled research, and their findings are often contradictory. Most studies focus on live births, which may underestimate the severity of teratogenic effects which can cause abortions or terminations of pregnancy. The study presented in this journal club addresses these limitations by looking at data from both live and deceased births.
The conclusion: While some studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between ADHD medications and the possibility of certain birth defects, others have found no such relationship, and most studies demonstrate a neutral or slight negative effect. In all cases it is imperative to conduct a thorough analysis of the potential risks and benefits must be performed.
It can be challenging, if not impossible, for women with ADHD to stop taking their medication. In an article published in Archives of Women's Mental Health psychologist Jennifer Russell notes that stopping ADHD medication during pregnancy can cause depression, feelings of loneliness, and family conflict for those suffering from the disorder. Furthermore, a loss of medication may affect the ability to do jobs and drive safely, which are important aspects of daily life for a lot of people with ADHD.
She recommends women who are uncertain about whether to keep or stop taking medication because of their pregnancy, consider informing family members, friends and colleagues on the condition, its impact on daily functioning, and on the benefits of keeping the current treatment plan. It will also help a woman feel more confident in her decision. It is important to remember that certain medications can be absorbed through the placenta so if a woman decides to stop taking her adhd medication list medication during pregnancy and breastfeeding, she must be aware that the effects of the medication could be passed on to the baby.
Birth Defects and Risk of
As the use and misuse of ADHD drugs to treat symptoms of attention deficit disorder hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing, so does concern about the potential effects of these drugs on the fetuses. A recent study published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry adds to the existing knowledge on this subject. Researchers used two massive data sets to study over 4.3 million pregnant women and determine whether stimulant medications increased birth defects. Researchers found that while the risk overall is low, the first trimester ADHD medication use was associated with slightly higher rates of certain heart defects, like ventriculoseptal defects.
The researchers of the study didn't discover any link between early medication usage and other congenital anomalies, like facial deformities or club feet. The results are in agreement with previous studies that showed an insignificant, but small increase in the number of cardiac malformations among women who began taking adhd medication and pregnancy medication prior to the time of the birth of their child. This risk increased in the later part of pregnancy, as many women are forced to stop taking their ADHD medication.
Women who were taking ADHD medication during the first trimester were more likely to require a caesarean birth and also have a low Apgar after birth and have a baby who needed breathing assistance at birth. However the researchers of the study were unable to eliminate bias due to selection by restricting the study to women who did not have other medical issues that could have contributed to the findings.
Researchers hope that their study will inform physicians when they encounter pregnant women. They recommend that, while a discussion of the benefits and risks is important however, the decision to stop or maintain medication should be based on each woman's needs and the severity of her ADHD symptoms.
The authors also advise that while discontinuing the medications is an option, it is not an option that is recommended due to the high incidence of depression and other mental health issues for women who are expecting or who are recently post-partum. Research has also shown that women who stop taking their medications will have a difficult adjustment to life without them after the baby is born.
Nursing
It can be overwhelming becoming a mother. Women with ADHD who must work through their symptoms while attending physician appointments, making preparations for the arrival of their child and getting used to new routines at home may face a lot of challenges. This is why many women decide to continue taking their ADHD medications throughout the course of pregnancy.
The risk to a breastfeeding infant is not too high since the majority of stimulant medications passes through breast milk in low amounts. However, the frequency of exposure to medication by the newborn may differ based on dosage, how often it is administered and the time of day it is administered. In addition, different drugs enter the infant's system via the gastrointestinal tract or breast milk. The effect on the health of a newborn isn't completely understood.
Because of the lack of research, some physicians might be tempted to stop taking stimulant medications during the course of pregnancy. It's a difficult choice for the mother, who must weigh the benefits of her medication against the potential risks to the foetus. In the meantime, until more information is available, GPs can ask pregnant patients whether they have a background of ADHD or if they intend to take medication during the perinatal period.
Many studies have shown that women can continue taking their adhd medication pregnancy medication in a safe manner during pregnancy and while breast-feeding. In response, an increasing number of patients are choosing to do this. They have discovered, in consultation with their doctor that the benefits of retaining their current medication outweigh any risk.
Women with ADHD who plan to breastfeed should seek the advice of a specialist psychiatrist prior to becoming pregnant. They should review their medications with their prescriber and discuss the pros and cons of continued treatment, including non-pharmacological strategies. Psychoeducation should also be offered to help women with ADHD be aware of their symptoms and the underlying disorder Learn about the available treatment options and strengthen existing coping strategies. This should be a multidisciplinary process including obstetricians, GPs, and psychiatrists. Pregnancy counselling should include the discussion of a plan for management for both the mother as well as the child, monitoring for signs of deterioration and the need for adjustments to the medication regimen.
Women with ADHD must make a difficult decision on whether to keep or stop taking ADHD medication during pregnancy and breast-feeding. There aren't enough data on how long-term exposure may affect a fetus.

Risk/Benefit Analysis
Women who are pregnant and taking ADHD medications need to balance the benefits of taking them against the potential risks to the foetus. Physicians do not have the necessary data to provide clear recommendations however they can provide information regarding benefits and risks that can help pregnant women make informed decisions.
A study published in Molecular Psychiatry found that women who used ADHD medications during early pregnancy did not have an higher risk of fetal cardiac malformations or major birth defects that are structural. Researchers used a vast, population-based case-control study to evaluate the incidence of major structural birth defects in infants born to mothers who had taken stimulants in the early stages of pregnancy and those who had not. Pediatric cardiologists and clinical geneticists looked over the cases to ensure correct case classification and to minimize the chance of bias.
However, the researchers' study had its limitations. The researchers were not able to, in the first place to distinguish the effects triggered by the medication from the disorder. This limitation makes it difficult to determine whether the limited associations observed in the groups that were exposed result from medication use or comorbidities that cause confusion. The researchers did not study long-term outcomes for offspring.
The study revealed that infants whose mothers took ADHD medication during pregnancy had a higher risk of admission to the neonatal care unit (NICU), compared to those whose mothers didn't take any medication during pregnancy or discontinued taking their medication prior to or during pregnancy. The reason for this was central nervous system-related disorders, and the increased risk of admission did not appear to be influenced by which stimulant medications were used during pregnancy.
Women who used stimulant liquid adhd medication uk medication during pregnancy were also at an increased risk of having a caesarean birth or having a baby with low Apgar score (less than 7). These risks did not seem to be influenced by the type of medication that was used during pregnancy.
Researchers suggest that the small risks posed by the use of ADHD medications in early pregnancies may be offset by the more beneficial outcomes for both baby and mother of continued treatment for the woman's condition. Physicians should talk to their patients about this and, if possible, help them develop coping skills that could reduce the effects of her disorder on her daily life and relationships.
Interactions with Medication
More and more doctors are confronted with the dilemma of whether to continue treatment or stop as more women are diagnosed with ADHD. These decisions are frequently made without clear and authoritative evidence. Instead, doctors have to take into account their own experience, the experience of other doctors, and the research on the topic.
The issue of potential risks to infants is extremely difficult. Many studies on this issue are based on observations rather than controlled research, and their findings are often contradictory. Most studies focus on live births, which may underestimate the severity of teratogenic effects which can cause abortions or terminations of pregnancy. The study presented in this journal club addresses these limitations by looking at data from both live and deceased births.
The conclusion: While some studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between ADHD medications and the possibility of certain birth defects, others have found no such relationship, and most studies demonstrate a neutral or slight negative effect. In all cases it is imperative to conduct a thorough analysis of the potential risks and benefits must be performed.
It can be challenging, if not impossible, for women with ADHD to stop taking their medication. In an article published in Archives of Women's Mental Health psychologist Jennifer Russell notes that stopping ADHD medication during pregnancy can cause depression, feelings of loneliness, and family conflict for those suffering from the disorder. Furthermore, a loss of medication may affect the ability to do jobs and drive safely, which are important aspects of daily life for a lot of people with ADHD.
She recommends women who are uncertain about whether to keep or stop taking medication because of their pregnancy, consider informing family members, friends and colleagues on the condition, its impact on daily functioning, and on the benefits of keeping the current treatment plan. It will also help a woman feel more confident in her decision. It is important to remember that certain medications can be absorbed through the placenta so if a woman decides to stop taking her adhd medication list medication during pregnancy and breastfeeding, she must be aware that the effects of the medication could be passed on to the baby.
Birth Defects and Risk of
As the use and misuse of ADHD drugs to treat symptoms of attention deficit disorder hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing, so does concern about the potential effects of these drugs on the fetuses. A recent study published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry adds to the existing knowledge on this subject. Researchers used two massive data sets to study over 4.3 million pregnant women and determine whether stimulant medications increased birth defects. Researchers found that while the risk overall is low, the first trimester ADHD medication use was associated with slightly higher rates of certain heart defects, like ventriculoseptal defects.
The researchers of the study didn't discover any link between early medication usage and other congenital anomalies, like facial deformities or club feet. The results are in agreement with previous studies that showed an insignificant, but small increase in the number of cardiac malformations among women who began taking adhd medication and pregnancy medication prior to the time of the birth of their child. This risk increased in the later part of pregnancy, as many women are forced to stop taking their ADHD medication.
Women who were taking ADHD medication during the first trimester were more likely to require a caesarean birth and also have a low Apgar after birth and have a baby who needed breathing assistance at birth. However the researchers of the study were unable to eliminate bias due to selection by restricting the study to women who did not have other medical issues that could have contributed to the findings.
Researchers hope that their study will inform physicians when they encounter pregnant women. They recommend that, while a discussion of the benefits and risks is important however, the decision to stop or maintain medication should be based on each woman's needs and the severity of her ADHD symptoms.
The authors also advise that while discontinuing the medications is an option, it is not an option that is recommended due to the high incidence of depression and other mental health issues for women who are expecting or who are recently post-partum. Research has also shown that women who stop taking their medications will have a difficult adjustment to life without them after the baby is born.
Nursing
It can be overwhelming becoming a mother. Women with ADHD who must work through their symptoms while attending physician appointments, making preparations for the arrival of their child and getting used to new routines at home may face a lot of challenges. This is why many women decide to continue taking their ADHD medications throughout the course of pregnancy.
The risk to a breastfeeding infant is not too high since the majority of stimulant medications passes through breast milk in low amounts. However, the frequency of exposure to medication by the newborn may differ based on dosage, how often it is administered and the time of day it is administered. In addition, different drugs enter the infant's system via the gastrointestinal tract or breast milk. The effect on the health of a newborn isn't completely understood.
Because of the lack of research, some physicians might be tempted to stop taking stimulant medications during the course of pregnancy. It's a difficult choice for the mother, who must weigh the benefits of her medication against the potential risks to the foetus. In the meantime, until more information is available, GPs can ask pregnant patients whether they have a background of ADHD or if they intend to take medication during the perinatal period.
Many studies have shown that women can continue taking their adhd medication pregnancy medication in a safe manner during pregnancy and while breast-feeding. In response, an increasing number of patients are choosing to do this. They have discovered, in consultation with their doctor that the benefits of retaining their current medication outweigh any risk.
Women with ADHD who plan to breastfeed should seek the advice of a specialist psychiatrist prior to becoming pregnant. They should review their medications with their prescriber and discuss the pros and cons of continued treatment, including non-pharmacological strategies. Psychoeducation should also be offered to help women with ADHD be aware of their symptoms and the underlying disorder Learn about the available treatment options and strengthen existing coping strategies. This should be a multidisciplinary process including obstetricians, GPs, and psychiatrists. Pregnancy counselling should include the discussion of a plan for management for both the mother as well as the child, monitoring for signs of deterioration and the need for adjustments to the medication regimen.

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