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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
In addition to the learner-internal aspects, CLKs' awareness of pragmatic resistance and the relationship advantages they were able to draw from were crucial. Researchers from TS and ZL, for example mentioned their relationships with their local professors as a key factor 프라그마틱 무료체험 정품인증 - www.Google.sc - in their pragmatic decision to avoid criticizing a strict professor (see examples 2).
This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on key practical issues, including:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The test for discourse completion is a commonly used tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has many advantages but it also has its drawbacks. For example the DCT is unable to account for cultural and personal differences in communicative behavior. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. It is essential to analyze it carefully before it is used in research or evaluation.
Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful tool to investigate the relationship between prosody, information structure and 프라그마틱 불법 non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate social variables that affect politeness in two or more steps could be a plus. This ability can aid researchers study the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics, DCT is one of the most useful tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to analyze various issues, including manner of speaking, turn-taking, and lexical choices. It can also be used to determine the phonological complexity of the learners speaking.
Recent research utilized an DCT as an instrument to test the ability to resist of EFL students. The participants were given an array of scenarios and 프라그마틱 무료슬롯 were asked to select an appropriate response from the options provided. The researchers found the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal like videos or questionnaires. However, the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other types of methods for collecting data.
DCTs are typically designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like content and form. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of the test developers. They may not be accurate and may misrepresent the way ELF learners respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more investigation into alternative methods of assessing refusal competency.
In a recent study DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared to the responses of an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs favored more direct and traditionally indirect requests and utilized more hints than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study examined Chinese learners' pragmatic decisions regarding their use of Korean by using a range of experimental tools, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) Metapragmatic Questionnaires, Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs at the upper-intermediate level who responded to MQs, DCTs, and RIs. They were also asked to consider their evaluations and refusal performance in RIs. The results showed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four main factors: their personalities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relational benefits. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
The MQ data was analyzed first to determine the participants' practical choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the selections with their linguistic performance on DCTs in order to determine if they are indicative of a pragmatic resistance. Additionally, the participants were asked to justify their choice of pragmatic behavior in a particular situation.
The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and z-tests. It was found that the CLKs often resorted to the use of euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" and "thank you." This could be due to their lack of familiarity with the target language, which resulted in an inadequate understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to converge toward L1 differed based on the DCT circumstances. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs showed that CLKs knew about their practical resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted in a one-to-one manner within two days after the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and 프라그마틱 데모 게임 [easybookmark.Win] transcribed by two independent coders and then coded. The coding was an iterative process, in which the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of coding are contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine how well they reflected the actual behavior.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
The most important question in pragmatic research is: Why do certain learners refuse to accept native-speaker norms? Recent research has attempted to answer this question by using various experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2 levels. They were then invited to an RI, where they were asked to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario.
The results showed that CLKs on average, did not conform to the patterns of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even though they could produce patterns that were similar to native speakers. They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their choices to learner-internal factors such as their personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing life histories. They also mentioned external factors, such as relationships and advantages. For instance, they outlined how their relationships with professors led to an easier performance in relation to the linguistic and intercultural standards of their university.
The interviewees expressed their concern about the social pressures or consequences they could face if their local social norms were not followed. They were concerned that their native friends would perceive them as "foreigners" and think they are incompetent. This worry was similar to that expressed by Brown (2013) and 프라그마틱 불법 Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are not the norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. But it would be prudent for future researchers to reconsider their usefulness in particular situations and in various cultural contexts. This will enable them to better comprehend how different environments could affect the practical behavior of L2 learners in the classroom and beyond. Moreover this will allow educators to develop more effective methodologies for teaching and testing the korea-based pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor at Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigative technique that uses participant-centered, in-depth investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that utilizes numerous sources of data to back up the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This type of investigation is useful when analyzing specific or complex subjects which are difficult to assess using other methods.
The first step in the case study is to define the subject and the goals of the study. This will allow you to determine what aspects of the subject must be investigated and which ones can be skipped. It is also beneficial to review the existing research to gain a broad knowledge of the subject and place the situation in a larger theoretical context.
This case study was based on an open source platform such as the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its Korean-specific benchmarks, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study revealed that the L2 Korean students were highly susceptible to native models. They were more likely to choose incorrect answer options that were literal interpretations of prompts, deviating from accurate pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency of adding their own words or "garbage" to their responses. This also lowered the quality of their responses.
Additionally, the participants in this case study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year at university and were hoping to achieve level 6 for their next test. They were asked to respond to questions regarding their WTC/SPCC and comprehension and pragmatic awareness.
Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations which involved interactions with their co-workers and asked to choose one of the strategies listed below to use when making demands. They were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their choice. Most of the participants attributed their lack of a pragmatic response to their personalities. TS for instance stated that she was difficult to approach and would not ask about the wellbeing of her colleague when they had a heavy work load despite the fact that she thought native Koreans would.
In addition to the learner-internal aspects, CLKs' awareness of pragmatic resistance and the relationship advantages they were able to draw from were crucial. Researchers from TS and ZL, for example mentioned their relationships with their local professors as a key factor 프라그마틱 무료체험 정품인증 - www.Google.sc - in their pragmatic decision to avoid criticizing a strict professor (see examples 2).
This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on key practical issues, including:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The test for discourse completion is a commonly used tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has many advantages but it also has its drawbacks. For example the DCT is unable to account for cultural and personal differences in communicative behavior. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. It is essential to analyze it carefully before it is used in research or evaluation.
Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful tool to investigate the relationship between prosody, information structure and 프라그마틱 불법 non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate social variables that affect politeness in two or more steps could be a plus. This ability can aid researchers study the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics, DCT is one of the most useful tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to analyze various issues, including manner of speaking, turn-taking, and lexical choices. It can also be used to determine the phonological complexity of the learners speaking.
Recent research utilized an DCT as an instrument to test the ability to resist of EFL students. The participants were given an array of scenarios and 프라그마틱 무료슬롯 were asked to select an appropriate response from the options provided. The researchers found the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal like videos or questionnaires. However, the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other types of methods for collecting data.
DCTs are typically designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like content and form. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of the test developers. They may not be accurate and may misrepresent the way ELF learners respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more investigation into alternative methods of assessing refusal competency.
In a recent study DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared to the responses of an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs favored more direct and traditionally indirect requests and utilized more hints than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study examined Chinese learners' pragmatic decisions regarding their use of Korean by using a range of experimental tools, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) Metapragmatic Questionnaires, Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs at the upper-intermediate level who responded to MQs, DCTs, and RIs. They were also asked to consider their evaluations and refusal performance in RIs. The results showed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four main factors: their personalities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relational benefits. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
The MQ data was analyzed first to determine the participants' practical choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the selections with their linguistic performance on DCTs in order to determine if they are indicative of a pragmatic resistance. Additionally, the participants were asked to justify their choice of pragmatic behavior in a particular situation.
The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and z-tests. It was found that the CLKs often resorted to the use of euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" and "thank you." This could be due to their lack of familiarity with the target language, which resulted in an inadequate understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to converge toward L1 differed based on the DCT circumstances. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs showed that CLKs knew about their practical resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted in a one-to-one manner within two days after the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and 프라그마틱 데모 게임 [easybookmark.Win] transcribed by two independent coders and then coded. The coding was an iterative process, in which the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of coding are contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine how well they reflected the actual behavior.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
The most important question in pragmatic research is: Why do certain learners refuse to accept native-speaker norms? Recent research has attempted to answer this question by using various experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2 levels. They were then invited to an RI, where they were asked to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario.
The results showed that CLKs on average, did not conform to the patterns of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even though they could produce patterns that were similar to native speakers. They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their choices to learner-internal factors such as their personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing life histories. They also mentioned external factors, such as relationships and advantages. For instance, they outlined how their relationships with professors led to an easier performance in relation to the linguistic and intercultural standards of their university.
The interviewees expressed their concern about the social pressures or consequences they could face if their local social norms were not followed. They were concerned that their native friends would perceive them as "foreigners" and think they are incompetent. This worry was similar to that expressed by Brown (2013) and 프라그마틱 불법 Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are not the norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. But it would be prudent for future researchers to reconsider their usefulness in particular situations and in various cultural contexts. This will enable them to better comprehend how different environments could affect the practical behavior of L2 learners in the classroom and beyond. Moreover this will allow educators to develop more effective methodologies for teaching and testing the korea-based pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor at Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigative technique that uses participant-centered, in-depth investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that utilizes numerous sources of data to back up the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This type of investigation is useful when analyzing specific or complex subjects which are difficult to assess using other methods.
The first step in the case study is to define the subject and the goals of the study. This will allow you to determine what aspects of the subject must be investigated and which ones can be skipped. It is also beneficial to review the existing research to gain a broad knowledge of the subject and place the situation in a larger theoretical context.
This case study was based on an open source platform such as the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its Korean-specific benchmarks, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study revealed that the L2 Korean students were highly susceptible to native models. They were more likely to choose incorrect answer options that were literal interpretations of prompts, deviating from accurate pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency of adding their own words or "garbage" to their responses. This also lowered the quality of their responses.
Additionally, the participants in this case study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year at university and were hoping to achieve level 6 for their next test. They were asked to respond to questions regarding their WTC/SPCC and comprehension and pragmatic awareness.
Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations which involved interactions with their co-workers and asked to choose one of the strategies listed below to use when making demands. They were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their choice. Most of the participants attributed their lack of a pragmatic response to their personalities. TS for instance stated that she was difficult to approach and would not ask about the wellbeing of her colleague when they had a heavy work load despite the fact that she thought native Koreans would.
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