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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different varieties produce different flavors. Read on to learn about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a variety of Liberica which is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a sweeter and more tart flavor profile and are often added to blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the world's most popular coffee accounting for 75% of global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta and come in different flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of a coffee can vary widely depending on the growing conditions and methods of processing used to make it.

The word 'coffee' actually originates from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that are cultivated inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds found that their goats were energized after eating the fruit berries. The cultivation of coffee spread quickly around the world.

Coffee beans can thrive at high altitudes, and thrive in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the main reasons that Arabica is considered to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on sourcing their arabica beans ethically by focusing on fair compensation for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique coffees that can be used in different brewing methods. Blending is a way to control the aroma, taste, body and acidity of coffee. It is generally preferred to get a consistent and balanced flavor that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most sought-after type of coffee bean in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation during the coffee brewing and produce undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more durable than arabica, able to grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is able to withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant, and it grows faster than arabica. This makes it a economical crop to cultivate.

Although it might appear counterintuitive, Robusta beans are often blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you see names like Uganda or Kenya on the bag of coffee it's likely that there is also some robusta.

The majority of roasters utilize a mix of arabica and coffee bean suppliers beans to lower costs while maintaining quality. To preserve the quality of the flavor, it is essential to choose a high-quality bean from a source you are confident with. This can be accomplished by purchasing your beans directly from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped and are therefore distinct from other coffee bean types. They have a scent that is fruity, floral and smoky. They are often added to other beans to give an extra, stronger flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They are well-adapted to humid, hot climates and are able to grow at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for growing at home. You can find the seeds on the internet from several sources, but it's best to buy locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The best growing conditions for Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils that have moderately acidic pH, and sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is another type of coffee bean to cup coffee beans. It was initially classified as a separate species, but has since been reclassified as a Liberica variant. These Coffee beans types beans are elongated ovals that grow on 20 to 30-foot coffee plants that are located at medium altitudes. Their distinctive taste is sweet and tart, making them a popular choice for blends that are house-made. They have a milder aroma and caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta but they do have a unique depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most popular kind of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't quite as easily accessible as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually thought to be distinct species of coffee up until 2006, at which point they were reclassified to become a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. These days, they're mostly grown in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's coffee production. These coffee beans are shaped in the shape of teardrops and possess a dark, mysterious taste. They're frequently used in blends to add body and a rich, tart, ripened fruit taste.

Arabica beans are the most well-known and are renowned for their sweeter flavor. They thrive at higher altitudes and have warm, tropical climates. They also have a hint of acidity. If brewed correctly and roast they may have notes of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit.

Robusta is an extremely close second to Arabica and makes up about 40 percent of the world's beans. These beans are smaller and rounder, but have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two types and have an earthy, woody flavor.

After learning about the four most popular types of brew, it's time to choose your favorite brew. If you prefer a delicate and smooth flavor pick an arabica or a blend made up of arabica beans and robusta decaf beans coffee.